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Author Guidelines

Standard Reference Styles recommended for Techmind Research Journals

The automatic conversion of authors’ unstructured references into consistent and correct XML references has been perfected by suppliers over the past decade. However, achieving this result, particularly in regard to punctuation, requires detailed programming. If a standard reference style is not adopted for a book and an unstructured (non- Elsevier standard) style is used, this would require new extensive programming for each new title. This approach proves inefficient, expensive and time consuming, therefore a fixed number of standard styles have been chosen for use in all of our books which are XML-rendered.

Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the authors.

References in the text: Citations in the text: Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications should not be in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. Citation of a reference as “in press” implies that the item has been accepted for publication.

Web references: Citing and listing of web references. As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.

The following standard reference styles are recommended to TMR authors:

1. APA style – Name–date style
2. Numbered Style – Standard numbered style
3. Harvard style – Name–date style
4. Vancouver style – Numbered style
5. Embellished Vancouver style – Numbered style
6. AMA Style – Numbered style
7. Saunders style – Name–date style
8. Saunders – Numbered style

 APA style (Style 1):

In-text citations: Citations in the text should follow the referencing style used by the American Psychological Association. You are referred to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Sixth Edition, ISBN 978-1-4338-0561-5, copies of which may be ordered from http://books.apa.org/books.cfm?id=4200067 or APA Order Dept., P.O.B. 2710, Hyattsville, MD 20784, USA. or APA, 3 Henrietta Street, London, WC3E 8LU, UK.

Reference list: References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters „a‟, „b‟, „c‟, etc., placed after the year of publication.

• Paivio, A., Jansen, B., & Becker, L. J. (1975). Comparisons through the mind’s eye. Cognition, 37(2), 635–647. Yuen, A. W. C. (1994). Lamotrigine: a review of antiepileptic efficacy. Epilepsia, 35(Suppl. 5), S33–S36.
• Glaser, R., & Bond, L. (Eds.), (1981). Testing: concepts and research [Special issue]. American Psychologist, 36(10).
• Yasuda, N., Takagi, S.-I., & Toriumi, A. (1997). Spectral shape analysis of infrared absorption of thermally grown silicon dioxide films. Applied Surface Science, 117–118(June (II)), 216–220.
• Assink, E. H. M., & Verloop, N. (1977). Het aanleren van deel–geheel relaties [Teaching part–whole relations].

Numbered Style (Style 2):

In-text citations: Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given.

Example: “..... as demonstrated [3, 6]. Barnaby and Jones [8] obtained a different result.... ”

Reference list: Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.

• Paivio, B. Jansen, L.J. Becker, Comparisons through the mind’s eye, Cognition 37 (2) (1975) 635–647.
• W.C. Yuen, Lamotrigine: a review of antiepileptic efficacy, Epilepsia 35 (Suppl. 5) (1994) S33–S36.
• Glaser, L. Bond (Eds.), Testing: Concepts and Research, American Psychologist 36 (10) (1981) (special issue).
• H.M. Assink, N. Verloop, Het aanleren van deel–geheel relaties (Teaching part–whole relations), Pedagogische Studiën 54 (1977) 130–142 (in Dutch).
• J. Adams, B.J. Briscoe, S.K. Sinha, Interface friction and energy dissipation in soft solid processing applications, in: D. Dowson, C.M. Taylor, T.H.C. Childs, M. Godet, G. Dalmas (Eds.), Dissipative Processes in Tribology, in: D. Dowson (Ed.), Tribology Series, vol. 27, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1994, pp. 223–234.
• G. Wilson, F.C. Fraser (Eds.), Handbook of Teratology, vols. 1–4, Plenum Press, New York, 1977–1978.

Name-date (Harvard) style (Style 3):

In-text citations: All citations in the text should refer to:

1. Single author: the author’s name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication;
2. Two authors: both authors‟ names and the year of publication;
3. Three or more authors: first author’s name followed by ‘et ’ and the year of publication.

Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically, then chronologically.

Examples: “as demonstrated (Allan, 2000a, 2000b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1999). Kramer et al. (2010) have recently shown................ ”

 Reference list: References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, etc., placed after the year of publication.

• Paivio, A., Jansen, B., Becker, L.J., 1975. Comparisons through the mind’s eye. Cognition 37 (2), 635–647. Yuen, A.W.C., 1994. Lamotrigine: a review of antiepileptic efficacy. Epilepsia 35 (Suppl. 5), S33–S36.
• Glaser, R., Bond, L. (Eds.), 1981. Testing: Concepts and Research. American Psychologist 36 (10) (special issue).
• Yasuda, N., Takagi, S.-i., Toriumi, A., 1997. Spectral shape analysis of infrared absorption of thermally grown silicon dioxide films. In: Hattori, T., Wada, K., Hiraki, A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Control of Semiconductor Interfaces, ISCSI-2, Karuizawa, Japan, October 28–November 1, 1997. Appl. Surf. Sci. 117–118 (June (II)), 216–220.
• Assink, E.H.M., Verloop, N., 1977. Het aanleren van deel–geheel relaties (Teaching part–whole relations). Pedagogische Studiën 54, 130–142 (in Dutch).

Vancouver style (Style 4):

In-text citations: Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given.

 Reference list: Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.

• Paivio A, Jansen B, Becker LJ. Comparisons through the mind’s Cognition 1975;37(2):635–47.

• Yuen Lamotrigine: a review of antiepileptic efficacy. Epilepsia 1994;35(Suppl. 5):S33–6.
• Glaser R, Bond L, Testing: concepts and research. Am Psychol 1981;36(10) [special issue].
• Yasuda N, Takagi S-i, Toriumi A. Spectral shape analysis of infrared absorption of thermally grown silicon dioxide Appl Surf Sci 1997;117–118(June (II)):216–20.
• Assink EHM, Verloop N. Het aanleren van deel–geheel relaties [Teaching part–whole relations]. Pedagogische Studiën 1977;54:130–42 [in Dutch].
• H1 Nucl Phys B 1997;504:3.
• Weikert S, Freyer D, Weih M, Isaev N, Busch C, Schultze J, et Rapid Ca2+-dependent

Embellished Vancouver style (Style 5):

In-text citations: Indicate references by superscript numbers in the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given.

 Reference list: Number the references in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.

• Paivio A, Jansen B, Becker Comparisons through the mind’s eye. Cognition 1975;37(2):635–47.
• Yuen Lamotrigine: a review of antiepileptic efficacy. Epilepsia 1994;35(Suppl. 5):S33–6.
• Glaser R, Bond L, Testing: concepts and research. Am Psychol 1981;36(10) [special issue].
• Yasuda N, Takagi S-i, Toriumi A. Spectral shape analysis of infrared absorption of thermally grown silicon dioxide Appl Surf Sci 1997;117–118(June (II)):216–20.
• Assink EHM, Verloop Het aanleren van deel–geheel relaties [Teaching part–whole relations].

AMA style (Style 6):

In-text citations: Indicate references by (consecutive) superscript arabic numerals in the order in which they appear in the text. The numerals are to be used outside periods and commas, inside colons and semicolons. For further detail and examples you are referred to the AMA Manual of Style, A Guide for Authors and Editors, Ninth Edition, ISBN 0-683- 40206-4, copies of which may be ordered from Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (http://www.lww.com/index.html).

Reference list: Number the references in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.

• Paivio A, Jansen B, Becker Comparisons through the mind’s eye. Cognition. 1975;37(2):635-647.
• Yuen Lamotrigine: a review of antiepileptic efficacy. Epilepsia. 1994;35(suppl 5):S33-S36.
• Glaser R, Bond L, Testing: concepts and research. Am Psychol. 1981;36 [special issue].
• Yasuda N, Takagi S-i, Toriumi A. Spectral shape analysis of infrared absorption of thermally grown silicon dioxide Appl Surf Sci. 1997;117-118(June (II)):216-220.
• Assink EHM, Verloop Het aanleren van deel–geheel relaties [Teaching part–whole relations].

 Saunders Style (Style 7):

 In-text citations: All citations in the text should refer to:

1. Single author: the author’s name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication;
2. Two authors: both authors’ names and the year of publication;
3. Three or more authors: first author‟s name followed by ‘et ’ and the year of publication.

Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically, then chronologically.

Examples: “as demonstrated (Allan, 2000a, 2000b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1999). Kramer et al. (2010) have recently shown................ ”.

 Reference list: References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, etc., placed after the year of publication.

• Adams MJ, Briscoe BE, Sinha SK: Interface friction and energy dissipation in soft solid processing applications.
• In Dowson D, Taylor CM, Childs THC, et al, editors: Dissipative processes in tribology, vol 27, Amsterdam, 1994, Elsevier, pp 223–234.
• Assink EHM, Verloop N: Her aanleren van deel–geheel relaties [Teaching part-whole relations], Pedagog Stud 54:130– 142, 1977.
• Chaddock TE: Gastric emptying of a nutritionally balanced liquid diet. In Daniel EE, editor: Proceedings of the first international symposium on gastrointestinal motility, Vancouver, 1974, Mitchell Press, pp 83–92. College bound seniors, Princeton, 1979, College Board Publications.
• Douglis F, Ball T: Tracking and viewing changes on the web. In Proceedings of the 1996 USENIX technical conference, Amsterdam, 1996, Elsevier.
• Glaser R, Bond L, editors: Testing: Concepts and Research (special issue), Am Psychol 36(10):412–417, 1981.

Numbered Saunders style (Style 8):

In-text citations: Indicate references by superscript numbers in the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given.

Reference list: Number the references in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.

• Paivio A, Jansen B, Becker LJ: Comparisons through the mind’s Cognition 37:635-647, 1975.

• Yuen AWC: Lamotrigine: a review of antiepileptic Epilepsia 35(suppl 5):S33-S36, 1994.
• Glaser R, Bond L, eds: Testing: concepts and Am Psychol 36, 1981 [special issue].
• Yasuda N, Takagi S-i, Toriumi A: Spectral shape analysis of infrared absorption of thermally grown silicon dioxide Appl Surf Sci 117-118(June (II)):216-220, 1997.
• Assink EHM, Verloop N: Het aanleren van deel–geheel relaties [Teaching part–whole relations].