The importance of Metacognitive Strategies to Enhance Reading Comprehension Skills of Learners: A Self-directed Learning Approach

Authors

  • Shabnum Iftikhar M.A. Political Science, M.A. English Literature, ELT, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, Doctoral Candidate, Argosy University, Atlanta Campus, Georgia 30328,USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17722/jell.v2i3.38

Keywords:

Metacognition, Strategies, Metacognitive Instruction, Self-directed learners, Reading, Comprehension Skills

Abstract

This article “The importance of Metacognitive Strategies to Enhance Reading Comprehension Skills of Learners: A Self-directed Learning Approach” deals with an in-depth study and implementation of Metacognitive strategies. This study investigates as to what extent the teaching of metacognition is feasible in the classroom and how students could get the maximum from applying metacognitive strategies and styles. This research aims at emphasizing the use of metacognitive strategies as a useful resource to enhance reading comprehension of students. The purpose of the literature review in this study is to more elaborate this topic to get the profound insights into the actual framework of metacognition so that implementations could be made as much as possible. Furthermore, to explore literature review is an authentic source to know as how much research has been conducted so far. It will be identified also that what is missing that needs to be addressed. The themes that would be explored in the review of literature are as following: Theoretical Framework, Motivation and Performance, Metacognitive strategies, Metacognitive instruction; and Empirical evidence of teaching metacognition.

Author Biography

Shabnum Iftikhar, M.A. Political Science, M.A. English Literature, ELT, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, Doctoral Candidate, Argosy University, Atlanta Campus, Georgia 30328,USA

M.A. Political Science, M.A. English Literature, ELT, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, Doctoral Candidate, Argosy University, Atlanta Campus, Georgia 30328,USA

References

Abdullah, M. H. (2001). Self-directed learning (ERIC digest No. 169). Bloomington, IN: ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading, English, and Communication. Retrieved from http://www.auburn.edu/~witteje/ilsrj/Journal%20Volumes/Fall%

Andre, M, -, & Anderson, T. H. (1978). The development and evaluation of a self-questioning study technique. Reading Research Quarterly, 14: 605-623. Retrieved from http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1086/1/1086.pdf?EThOS (BL)

Baker, L. (2008). Metacognitive development in reading: Contributors and consequences. Reading strategies of first and second language learners: See how they read. Norwood, Retrieved from http://www.education.com/reference/article/metacognition/#A

Brown, A. L., & Day, J. D. (1981). Strategy and Knowledge for summarizing texts: The development and facilitation of expertise. University of Illinois, center for the study of Reading. Retrieved from http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1086/1/1086.pdf?EThOS (BL)

Brown, A. L., Day, J. D., & Jones, R. S (1983). "The development of plans for summarizing texts.” Child Development 54,968-979. Retrieved from http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1086/1/1086.pdf?EThOS (BL)

Cross, D. R. & Paris, S. G. (1988). Developmental and instructional analyses of children’s metacognition and reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 80(2),131-142. Retrieved from http://pearsonassessments.com/hai/images/tmrs/Metacognition_Lit

Cubukcu, F. (2008). Enhancing vocabulary development and reading comprehension through metacognitive strategies. Issues in Educational Research, 18(1), 1-11. Retrieved from http://www.iier.org.au/iier18/cubukcu.pdf

Fauzan, N. (2003). The effects of metacognitive strategies on reading comprehension: a quantitative synthesis and the empirical investigation. (Doctoral Thesis, Durham University, Malaysia). Retrieved from http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1086/

Flavell, J. H. (1976). Metacognitive aspects of problem solving. The nature of intelligence. 231- 235. Retrieved form http://www.education.com/reference/article/metacognition/#A

Flavell, J. H. (2004). Theory-of Mind-Development: Retrospect and Prospect. In Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 50(3). Retrieved from http://www.ida.liu.se/~729A15/mtrl/Flavell_ToM.pdf

Haiduc, L. (2011). Reading science textbooks: The role of metacognition in reading comprehension. International Conference on Languages, Literature and Linguistics. IPEDR, 26,550-555. Retrieved from http://www.ipedr.com/vol26/110-ICLLL%202011-L10197.pdf

Hall, L. (2004). Comprehending expository text: promising strategies for struggling readers and students with reading disabilities. Reading Research and Instruction .44(2), 75-95. Retrieved from http://www.ipedr.com/vol26/110-ICLLL%202011-L10197.pdf

Hunt, M., & Metcalf, L., (1968). Teaching high school social studies. New York, Harper And Row. Retrieved from http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1086/1/1086.pdf?EThOS (BL)

Lai, R. E. (2011). Metacognition: A literature review. Always learning: Pearson research report. Retrieved from www.pearsonassessments.com/.../Metacognition_Literature_ Review_...

O’Neill, P. (1992). Metacognitive strategies and reading achievement among developmental students in an urban community college. Reading Horizons (32)4, 316-330. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=157

Pintrich P. R. and De Groot, E. V. (1990). "Motivational and Self-Regulated Learning Components of

Classroom Academic Performance. "Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(l): 33-40. Retrieved from http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1086/1/1086.pdf?EThOS (BL)

Ryan, R. M. and Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development and wellbeing, American Psychologist, 55,68-78. Retrieved fromhttp://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1086/1/1086.pdf?EThOS (BL)

Shannon, S. V. (2008). Using metacognitive strategies and learning styles to create self-directed learners. Institute for Learning Styles Journal:1,14-28. Retrieved from www.auburn.edu/.../Journal%20Volumes/.../...

Weener, P. (1974). "Note taking and Student Verbalization as Instrumental Learning Activities” Instructional Science 3:51-74. Retrieved from http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1086.pdf?EThOS (BL)

Winograd, P. N. H., V-V- (1988). Direct instruction of reading comprehension strategies: The nature of teacher explanation. Learning and study strategies. San Diego, CA, Academic Press, Inc: 121-139. Retrieved from http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1086/1/1086.pdf?EThOS (BL)

Wittrock, M. C. (1991). "Generative teaching." The elementary school journal. 92: 169-84. Retrieved from http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1086/1/1086.pdf?EThOS (BL)

Downloads

Published

2014-12-30

How to Cite

Iftikhar, S. (2014) “The importance of Metacognitive Strategies to Enhance Reading Comprehension Skills of Learners: A Self-directed Learning Approach”, Journal of English Language and Literature (ISSN: 2368-2132), 2(3), pp. 191–195. doi: 10.17722/jell.v2i3.38.